8
and Z
FB
 . The goal of the compensation network is to provide
a closed loop transfer function with high 0dB crossing
frequency (f
0dB
) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin
is the difference between the closed loop phase at f
0dB
 and
180 degrees. The equations below relate the compensation
networks poles, zeros and gain to the components (R1 , R2 ,
R3 , C1 , C2 , and C3) in Figure 5. Use these guidelines for
locating the poles and zeros of the compensation network:
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth
2. Place 1
ST
Zero Below Filters Double Pole (~75% F
LC
)
3. Place 2
ND
 Zero at Filters Double Pole
4. Place 1
ST
 Pole at the ESR Zero
5. Place 2
ND
 Pole at Half the Switching Frequency
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifiers Open-Loop Gain
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
Figure 6 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC-DC converters
gain vs. frequency. The actual Modulator Gain has a high
gain peak dependent on the quality factor (Q) of the output
filter, which is not shown in Figure 5. Using the above
guidelines should yield a Compensation Gain similar to the
curve plotted. The open loop error amplifier gain bounds the
compensation gain. Check the compensation gain at F
P2
 
with the capabilities of the error amplifier. The Closed Loop
Gain is constructed on the log-log graph of Figure 6 by
adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to the Compensation Gain
(in dB). This is equivalent to multiplying the modulator
transfer function to the compensation transfer function and
plotting the gain.
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks
Z
FB
 and Z
IN
 to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall
loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with
-20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45
degrees. Include worst case component variations when
determining phase margin.
Individual Output Disable
The PWM and linear controllers can independently be
shutdown.
To disable the switching regulator, use an open-drain or
open-collector device capable of pulling the OCSET pin (with
the attached R
OCSET
pull-up) below 1.25V. To minimize the
possibility of OC trips at levels different than predicted, a
C
OCSET
 capacitor with a value of an order of magnitude
larger than the output capacitance of the pull-down device,
has to be used in parallel with R
OCSET
 (1nF recommended).
Upon turn-off of the pull-down device, the switching regulator
undergoes a soft-start cycle.
To disable a particular linear controller, pull and hold the
respective FB pin above a typical threshold of 1.25V. One
way to achieve this task is by using a logic gate coupled
FIGURE 5. VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER
COMPENSATION DESIGN
V
OUT
OSC
0.8V
L
O
C
O
ESR
V
IN
V
OSC
ERROR
AMP
PWM
DRIVER1
(PARASITIC)
Z
FB
+
-
0.8V
R
S1
R3
R2
C3
C2
C1
COMP
V
OUT
FB
Z
FB
ISL6521
Z
IN
COMP
DRIVER
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
PHASE
V
E/A
+
-
Z
IN
R
P1
SYNC
+
+
F
Z1
1
2?R
?2 C1
?/DIV>
-----------------------------------
=
F
Z2
1
2?nbsp R
S1
R3
+
(
) C3
?/DIV>
?/DIV>
----------------------------------------------------------
=
F
P1
1
2?R
2
C1 C2
?/DIV>
C1 C2
+
----------------------
?nbsp   ?/DIV>
?nbsp   ?/DIV>
?/DIV>
?/DIV>
-------------------------------------------------------
=
F
P2
1
2?R
?3 C3
?/DIV>
-----------------------------------
=
FIGURE 6. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
F
P1
F
Z2
10M
1M
100K
10K
1K
100
10
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
F
Z1
F
P2
F
LC
F
ESR
COMPENSATION
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN
MODULATOR
GAIN
CLOSED LOOP
 GAIN
20
V
IN
V
PP
------------
?nbsp  ?/DIV>
?nbsp  ?/DIV>
?nbsp  ?/DIV>
log
20
R2
R
S1
-------------
?nbsp  ?/DIV>
?nbsp  ?/DIV>
?nbsp  ?/DIV>
log
ISL6521
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